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05:33 - This attack, Dama (玉), can mean a sphere or jewel.
06:33 - If you don't know, a shuriken is a throwing weapon. Contrary to popular terminology, it does not have to be star-shaped like the popular term "ninja star."
06:51 - Henchikirin (鞭竹林) literally means "bamboo grove whip."
07:01 - He follows this up with Mouchikirin (猛竹林), or "violent bamboo grove."
07:18 - Gekirin (逆鱗) means "imperial wrath." You'll note all three of these attacks contain "kirin" within them, meaining "giraffe."
09:18 - This is Kiki Kyuutouryuu (鬼気九刀流), meaning "demonic nine-sword style."
09:23 - Ashura (阿修羅) is the Japanese name for the Hindu (and later also Buddhist) term Asura.
10:19 - Zoro busts out another existential haiku here, so I translated it trying to preserve the 5-7-5 syllabic flow:
苦難上等
好むものなり
修羅の道
kunan joutou
konomu mono nari
shura no michi
Extreme suffering
Desire for nothing else
The way of Shura
In an extremely literal sense it would translate more like this: "The excellence of suffering / It is to be desired / The way of the Shura"
10:36 - Ichibugin (弌霧銀) would literally translate to "one silver fog."
18:56 - Ouren (黄連) means goldthread, a flower of the genus Coptis. Specifically it is Coptis Japonica. Not to be confused with thread made of gold.

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Galaxy Crisis wrote:
05:33 - This attack, Dama (玉), can mean a sphere or jewel.
I thought the attack was called Hyoukindama. The three parts of the name are mentioned with small pauses in between them, but it's still all one name.
I guess you could take some creative license here but in my opinion it's 3 different ones. First of all they are self contained (the panther stance, the rotating attack) and also there is a lot of spacing. If you look at the manga each one is in its own panel and is followed by exclamation marks and nothing suggesting they are inherently linked other than perhaps for the same of some pun (but I don't really see a good pun there - someone correct me if I'm wrong).

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Foolio wrote:
05:33 - This attack, Dama (玉), can mean a sphere or jewel.
10:36 - Ichibugin (弌霧銀) would literally translate to "one silver fog."
This attack is also pun. An ichibugin (一分銀) is a rectangular silver Japanese coin used in the 1800s (I only know this because I collect old Japanese coins and actually have one). The meaning in this case is "1/4 silver" as the face value was one fourth of a ryō (両), a unit of gold currency. The oval-shaped gold coins, koban (小判), you may have seen in old samurai movies had a face value of 1 ryō.

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I can sense an excessive amount of giraffe-related puns...
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